{"id":565,"date":"2022-12-04T18:21:42","date_gmt":"2022-12-04T17:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/agp\/?page_id=565"},"modified":"2026-02-18T01:25:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T00:25:43","slug":"pozemne-laserove-skenovanie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/?page_id=565","title":{"rendered":"Pozemn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 skenovanie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pozemn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 skenovanie (Terrestrial Laser Scanning, TLS) je modern\u00e1 a presn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia na z\u00edskavanie 3D \u00fadajov o lese. Pozemn\u00fd laserov\u00fd skener vytv\u00e1ra presn\u00fd 3D obraz lesn\u00e9ho porastu pomocou mra\u010dna bodov. Zabudovan\u00fd digit\u00e1lny fotoapar\u00e1t umo\u017e\u0148uje bodom priradi\u0165 farbu a tak vytvori\u0165 realistick\u00e9 trojrozmern\u00e9 modely lesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vybavenie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laborat\u00f3rium geoinformatiky disponuje pozemn\u00fdm laserov\u00fdm skenerom FARO Focus3D 120 a Faro Focus Plus S 150. Tieto pr\u00edstroje maj\u00fa mal\u00e9 rozmery, n\u00edzku hmotnos\u0165, vysok\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a rozl\u00ed\u0161enie skenovania, preto s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie v lesnom prostred\u00ed. Okrem digit\u00e1lnej kamery s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 GPS, inklinometrom a digit\u00e1lnym kompasom, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na sp\u00e1janie a georeferencovanie z\u00edskan\u00fdch mra\u010dien bodov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skenovanie lesa<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Proces sn\u00edmania pozemn\u00fdm laserov\u00fdm skenerom m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 do troch krokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. V prvom kroku skener vy\u0161le laserov\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d a pomocou rotuj\u00faceho zrkadla tento l\u00fa\u010d je odrazen\u00fd do okolit\u00e9ho priestoru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. N\u00e1sledne sa l\u00fa\u010d odraz\u00ed od objektu stojaceho v smere vyslania l\u00fa\u010da.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Posledn\u00fdm krokom je prijatie odrazen\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho l\u00fa\u010da sp\u00e4\u0165 a jeho z\u00e1pis do pam\u00e4te skenera.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    V mieste odrazu l\u00fa\u010da sa vytvor\u00ed bod so s\u00faradnicami XYZ. V\u0161etky vytvoren\u00e9 body miest odrazov l\u00fa\u010dov sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa mra\u010dno bodov. Vytvoren\u00e9 body m\u00f4\u017eu okrem s\u00faradn\u00edc obsahova\u0165 napr\u00edklad atrib\u00faty intenzity a RGB. Taktie\u017e sa nemus\u00ed zaznamena\u0165 len jeden bod z jedn\u00e9ho vyslania l\u00fa\u010da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri pou\u017eit\u00ed pozemn\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho skenovania v prostred\u00ed lesn\u00e9ho porastu zohr\u00e1va rozmiestnenie poz\u00edcii skenera. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa dve met\u00f3dy skenovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Jednoskenov\u00e1 met\u00f3da – Pri jednoskenovej met\u00f3de sa pou\u017e\u00edva mra\u010dno bodov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face len z jednej poz\u00edcie, ktor\u00e1 je obvykle umiestnen\u00e1 v strede z\u00e1ujmovej plochy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Multiskenov\u00e1 met\u00f3da – Mra\u010dn\u00e1 bodov poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z multiskenovej met\u00f3dy s\u00fa f\u00faziou viacer\u00fdch mra\u010dien bodov z r\u00f4znych poz\u00edcii zo z\u00e1ujmovej plochy. Pri tejto met\u00f3de je potrebn\u00e9 do priestoru skenovania umiestni\u0165 referen\u010dn\u00e9 body sl\u00fa\u017eiace na spojenie t\u00fdchto skenov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa na spojenie viacer\u00fdch skenov vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa biele gule, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa v postprocesingu automaticky rozpozna\u0165, pr\u00edpadne s\u00fa to r\u00f4zne druhy ter\u010d\u00edkov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Vyu\u017eitie v lesn\u00edctve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Inventariz\u00e1cia lesn\u00fdch porastov<\/strong>
      Do tejto skupiny zara\u010fujeme schopnos\u0165 odvodi\u0165 z mra\u010dien bodov z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 dendrometrick\u00e9 charakteristiky (hr\u00fabka a v\u00fd\u0161ka stromu, kruhov\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a, z\u00e1soba porastu). \u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm prvkom je zis\u0165ovanie druhu stromov zo \u0161trukt\u00fary k\u00f4ry, ktor\u00e1 zatia\u013e nie je dostato\u010dne dopracovan\u00e1. Nakoniec sem zara\u010fujeme aj zis\u0165ovanie externej kvality stojaceho stromu.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Zis\u0165ovanie korunov\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk.<\/strong>
      V tomto pr\u00edpade je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 PLS na zis\u0165ovanie korunov\u00e9ho z\u00e1poja, v\u00fd\u0161ky nasadenia koruny, tvar koruny, objem koruny a ur\u010dovanie plochy medzier v korun\u00e1ch. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm parametrom je index listovej plochy, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 odvodi\u0165 pomocou PLS tak ako aj pomern\u00fa listov\u00fa plochu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3D modely stromov<\/strong>
      Do tejto skupiny autori zara\u010fuj\u00fa met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 sa zameriavaj\u00fa na \u010do najpresnej\u0161iu rekon\u0161trukciu stavby stromov z mra\u010dna bodov. Tieto rekon\u0161trukcie rozde\u013euj\u00fa na rekon\u0161trukciu drevnatej \u010dasti stromov a na modelovanie na z\u00e1klade pravdepodobnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Modelovanie lesn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      PLS pre ekologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 hlavne pri zis\u0165ovan\u00ed interakcie medzi svetlom a korunami stromov. \u010ealej napr\u00edklad vyu\u017eitie PLS pri zis\u0165ovan\u00ed vz\u0165ahu medzi pr\u00edlivom a porastmi v pobre\u017en\u00fdch oblastiach. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm PLS pre ekologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely zameran\u00e9 na les je mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 PLS na rozde\u013eovanie mikrohabitatov \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov v korun\u00e1ch stromov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pozemn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 skenovanie (Terrestrial Laser Scanning, TLS) je modern\u00e1 a presn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia na z\u00edskavanie 3D \u00fadajov o lese. Pozemn\u00fd laserov\u00fd skener vytv\u00e1ra presn\u00fd 3D obraz lesn\u00e9ho porastu pomocou mra\u010dna bodov. Zabudovan\u00fd digit\u00e1lny fotoapar\u00e1t umo\u017e\u0148uje bodom priradi\u0165 farbu a tak vytvori\u0165 realistick\u00e9 trojrozmern\u00e9 modely lesa. Vybavenie Laborat\u00f3rium geoinformatiky disponuje pozemn\u00fdm laserov\u00fdm skenerom FARO Focus3D 120 a … <\/p>\n

      Read More “Pozemn\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 skenovanie”<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-565","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=565"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1331,"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565\/revisions\/1331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gis.tuzvo.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}